Personalized management and comparison of medical condition and outcome based on profiles of community patients

ABSTRACT

The invention can be directed toward a method for personalized management and comparison of medical condition and outcome based on patient profiles of a community of patients. The method can include the steps of providing a database of patient profiles, providing a user interface for inputting a query of the database from a user, generating a query result including one or more matching patient profiles from the database, and displaying the query result as a correlation medical condition parameters of the user with a medical outcome.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of PCT/US08/79673, filed on Oct. 12,2008, and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.60/998,669, filed on Oct. 12, 2007, U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 60/998,768, filed on Oct. 12, 2007, and U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 61/070,067, filed on Mar. 20, 2008. The entire contentsof each of these applications is hereby incorporated by referenceherein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to a data processing system and a method forpersonalized management of medical condition, body function, health, andwell-being. More particularly, the invention relates to the entering ofpersonalized data and query parameters for searching profiles of acommunity of individuals and producing a query result of matchingprofiles. The invention is further directed toward the viewing andcomparing of the matching profiles to better understand and manage amedical condition, body function, health, and well-being.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The advent of the World Wide Web offers new opportunities for people toshare information, opinions, and experiences on virtually any topic.With the support of web-based systems and methodologies, people withcommon goals and interests can interact and communicate instantaneouslyfrom anywhere on the globe. For example, people can use a computerdating web site to search for a compatible mate. A person can create anaccount on the web site and enter personal information which is storedin a user profile in a database. The database contains profiles of otherpersons who use the web site. A person can search for a compatible mateby entering information on characteristics they seek in their mate. Theweb site can process the search criteria and return a list of matchingprofiles. The person can then obtain further information and contact apotential mate.

Many web sites exist to serve a particular group of people who sharecommon goals or attributes. For example, U.S. Patent Publication No.2003/0187683 describes a system for establishing weight controlprograms. The system allows persons to enter, update, and monitor theirweight, and permits users to share recipes and establish meal plans.U.S. Pat. No. 7,029,441 describes a system for comparing non-humananimal subjects by animal breed or genetic disposition. For example,laboratory test results for a non-human animal subject can be comparedwith genetic data for the group.

The existing art includes examples of systems for monitoring patientinformation to assist in providing medial care. U.S. Pat. No. 6,956,572describes a system for monitoring patients for critical care. The systemincludes sliders for setting maximum and minimum thresholds for aparticular medical parameter for a patient and the current value for theparameter. This allows the medical staff to quickly determine whether ornot a patient's condition is normal. Another example, the LifeLinessoftware from the University of Maryland Human-Computer Interaction Labof College Park, Md., is a system for visualizing medical historyrecords, which allows medical personnel to examine medical historyrecords in detail. The system includes visual tools such as timelinesand icons to denote past events in the medical history.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a method of studying the efficacy of anintervention. The method includes: providing a graphical user interfaceallowing one or more patients to input information regarding theirdiseases, symptoms, and remedies; collecting information from aplurality of patients before each of the patients employs a remedy totreat a disease; collecting information about the remedy; collectinginformation from the plurality of patients after a subset of thepatients employs a remedy to treat the disease; and determining theefficacy of the remedy in treating the disease.

The method can include comparing the efficacy of the remedy with datafrom one or more control patients. The step of determining the efficacyof the remedy can include comparing the pre-remedy information withpost-remedy information.

The invention also provides a method of identification of a possiblepersonalized intervention for a patient experiencing at least onecomplication or dissatisfaction with outcomes from a presentintervention. The method includes: providing a database containingpatient information for a plurality of patients including one or moreattributes for each patient in the database; providing a graphical userinterface displaying allowing a patient to formulate a requestspecifying one or more attributes of the patient; searching the databaseof patient information for patients having the specified one or moreattributes including at least one of the specified side effects; andreturning one or more alternative interventions that were employed byother patients that experienced the one or more specified side effectswhen employing the one or more interventions.

The attributes include one or more diseases affecting the patient, oneor more interventions employed by patient, and one or more side effectsexperienced by the patient. The one or more attributes can include atleast one selected from the group consisting of: age, race, ethnicity,gender, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), body volume index (BVI),genotype, phenotype, disease, disease severity, disease progressionrate, measures of functional ability, quality of life, interventions,and remedies.

The disease can include at least one selected from the group consistingof: neurological diseases, Amyotrophric Lateral Sclerosis (ALS),Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's Disease, Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus (HIV), Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), depression,mood disorders, cancer blood cancer, fibromyalgia, epilepsy, posttraumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, cardiovasculardisease, osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arthritis,allergies, autoimmune diseases, and lupus.

The alternative interventions can be the most recent interventionsemployed by the other patients.

The invention also provides a method for providing personalized medicalinformation. The method includes: providing a database containingpatient information for a plurality of patients including one or moreattributes for each patient in the database; providing a graphical userinterface displaying one or more attributes of a patient, the graphicaluser interface allowing the patient to formulate a search requestspecifying at least one of the attributes; searching the database ofpatient information for patients having the specified one or moreattributes; and returning data to the patient identifying a set of otherpatients having the specified one or more attributes.

The one or more attributes can include at least one selected from thegroup consisting of: age, race, ethnicity, gender, height, weight, bodymass index (BMI), body volume index (BVI), genotype, phenotype, disease,disease severity, disease progression rate, measures of functionalability, quality of life, interventions, and remedies.

The database can include one or more correlations between an attributeand at least one secondary attribute selected from the group consistingof: quality of life, functional ability, pain, and treatment intensity.

The disease can include at least one selected from the group consistingof: neurological diseases, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), MultipleSclerosis (MS), Parkinson's Disease, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV),Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), depression, mood disorders,cancer blood cancer, fibromyalgia, epilepsy, post traumatic stressdisorder, traumatic brain injury, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arthritis, allergies, autoimmunediseases, and lupus.

The data returned can include individual data for one or more members ofthe set of other patients. The data returned can include aggregate datafor one or more members of the set of other patients. The method caninclude processing a request from the patient to view individual data.The method can include processing a request from the patient to modify acomposition of the set of other patients.

The composition of the set of other patients can be defined by fuzzylogic. The step of modifying the composition of the set of otherpatients can include modifying the range of attributes of patientswithin the set. The step of modifying the composition of the set ofother patients can include modifying the importance of attributes ofpatients in composing the set. The composition of the set of otherpatients can be defined by an optimal matching algorithm on a graph ofattribute similarity metrics. The composition of the set of otherpatients can be defined by a scalar-vector decomposition on a matrix ofsimilarities of attributes of the set of other patients. The method caninclude conducting a multivariate pattern matching search of datarelated to the other patients.

The invention also provides a computer-readable medium whose contentscause a computer to perform a method for providing personalized medicalinformation. The method includes providing a database containing patientinformation for a plurality of patients including one or more attributesfor each patient in the database; providing a graphical user interfacedisplaying one or more attributes of a patient, the graphical userinterface allowing the patient to formulate a search request specifyingat least one of the attributes; searching the database of patientinformation for patients having the specified one or more attributes;and returning data to the patient identifying a set of other patientshaving the specified one or more attributes.

The invention provides a method for personalized management of medicalinformation and outcome, including the steps of providing a database ofpatient profiles, each profile including at least one medical conditionparameter and at least one medical outcome parameter, providing a userinterface for inputting a query of the database from a user, the querybeing based on at least one medical condition parameter, generating aquery result including one or more matching patient profiles from thedatabase, and displaying the query result as a correlation of themedical condition parameter with a medical outcome.

The patient profile can include a plurality of medical conditionparameters.

The medical condition parameter can be a disease symptom, a treatment, atreatment reason, a treatment side-effect, a treatment dosage, adiagnosis, a stage of disease, nutritional information, environmentalinformation, activity information, geographic information, genotypicdata, phenotypic data, family history data, or a milestone related tothe medical condition. The medical condition parameters are associatedwith a particular disease or conditions (for example, AmyotrophicLateral Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's Disease, etc.) orcombination of diseases or conditions.

The medical outcome parameter can be survival, a disease symptom, atreatment, a treatment reason, a treatment side-effect, a treatmentdosage, a diagnosis, a stage of disease, nutritional information,environmental information, activity information, geographic information,genotypic data, phenotypic data, family history data, a milestonerelated to the medical condition, a medical prediction, or anaggregation of medical condition parameters.

The user interface can be a textual interface, a graphic interface, or avoice-activated interface.

The user can be a patient afflicted with a disease including, but notlimited to, neurological diseases (e.g., Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's Disease), HumanImmunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS), cancers (e.g. bladder cancer, blood cancer, breast cancer,colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, leukemia, lung cancer, lymphoma,ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and skin cancer),diabetes, digestive disorders (e.g. irritable bower syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease, Crohn's Disease) depression, anxietydisorders, post traumatic stress disorder, mood disorders, psychoticdisorders, personality disorders, and eating disorders.

The method can further include the step of displaying the medicaloutcome for the times at which the medical outcome was recorded.

The method can further include the step of ranking the matching patientprofiles. The step of ranking the matching patient profiles can furtherinclude sorting the matching patient profiles based on medical outcome.

The method can further include the step of providing at least onemedical prediction of the user's future medical condition. The methodcan further include the step of assigning a probability to the at leastone medical prediction, the probability being how likely the medicalprediction is for the user. The probability can be a number between 0and 100.

The medical prediction of the user's future medical condition can be aprediction of what the medical condition of the user would be at afuture date, e.g., one year from the current date.

The method can further include the step of aggregating the medicaloutcome for one or more patient profiles sharing the medical outcome.

The invention can be directed toward a method for personalizedmanagement of medical information and outcome, including the steps ofquerying a database of patient profiles, each profile comprising atleast one medical condition parameter and at least one medical outcomeparameter, wherein the query is based on at least one medical conditionparameter, and viewing a query result including matching patientprofiles from the database, wherein the query result correlates the atleast one medical condition parameter of the user with a medicaloutcome.

The method can further include the step of planning, based on the queryresult, a treatment method correlated with a desired medical outcome.

The method can further include the step of planning, based on the queryresult, at least one daily activity correlated with a desired medicaloutcome.

The invention can be directed toward a computer-readable memory deviceencoded with a data structure for transferring data between a clientprogram and a server program during a procedure call, the server programincluding functions for invocation by the client program, the functionsincluding at least one parameter, the data structure includingpersonalized data, the personalized data including patient profiles fora plurality of patients, medical condition measurements for thepatients, and at least one medical outcome for a plurality of patients.The personalized data corresponds to the at least one parameter that istransferred from the client program to the server program when one ofthe functions is invoked.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting a web-based system and method.

FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting a method for practicing the invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting a database of patient profiles of acommunity of patients.

FIG. 4 is a diagram a user interface for inputting a user query.

FIG. 5 is a diagram depicting generating a query result of patientprofiles matching an entered query.

FIG. 6 is a diagram depicting a display of a query result showing acorrelation between entered personalized data and medical conditionparameters and medical outcomes.

FIG. 7A is an example of a representation of a graphical element showingthe data (in this case, a representation of a human, for example, astickman figure) showing various embodiments of the system.

FIG. 7B is an example of a representation of a graphical elementincluding a representation of a patient's medical condition status (inthis case, a flare-up of extreme irritability of a patient diagnosedwith bipolar disorder).

FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting a medical prediction outcome.

FIG. 9 is a diagram depicting a method of practicing the invention by auser.

FIG. 10 is a diagram depicting an exemplary user interface for enteringpatient data.

FIG. 11 is a diagram depicting an exemplary user interface for filteringclinical trial data.

FIG. 12 is a diagram depicting an exemplary user interface for viewinginterventions employed by other patients that once employed a particularintervention.

FIG. 13 is a diagram depicting an exemplary user interface for viewingand refining a group of similar patients and prediction of diseaseprogression.

DEFINITIONS

The instant invention is most clearly understood with reference to thefollowing definitions:

As used in the specification and claims, the singular form “a,” “an,”and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictatesotherwise.

The term “disease” refers to an abnormal condition of an organism thatimpairs bodily functions. The term disease includes a variety ofphysical ailments including, but not limited to, neurological diseases(e.g., Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Multiple Sclerosis (MS),Parkinson's Disease), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), AcquiredImmune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), cancers (e.g., bladder cancer, bloodcancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, leukemia,lung cancer, lymphoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostatecancer, and skin cancer), diabetes, digestive disorders (e.g., irritablebower syndrome, gastro esophageal reflux disease, and Crohn's Disease),cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease (COPD), arthritis, allergies, geriatric diseases, and autoimmunediseases (e.g., lupus). The term disease also include mental ailmentsincluding, but not limited to, depression, anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, mood disorders, psychotic disorders,personality disorders, and eating disorders.

The term “medical condition” refers to a manifestation of a disease suchas a symptom. For example, if a patient suffers from Amyotrophic LateralSclerosis (ALS), the patient may experience one or more medicalconditions such as dysphagia (impaired swallowing).

The term “intervention” refers any event that has a positive, negative,or neutral effect on one or more medical conditions. The termintervention includes a variety of activities including, but not limitedto, administration of a medication, administration of a remedy,administration of a nutritional supplement, administration of a vitamin,exercise, physical therapy, massage, stretching, consumption of food,rest, and sleep.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention is directed toward a method for personalized managementand comparison of medical conditions and outcomes based on patientprofiles of a community of patients. Patients can find other patientslike themselves using, for example, a web-based data processing systemto query a database of patient profiles of a community of patients. Thequery can include, for example, symptomology, medical conditions,diagnoses, treatments, therapies, life style factors, environmentalfactors, family history, and genetics. For example, a Multiple Sclerosis(MS) patient can find MS patients within the age range of 35-45 whosuffer from, for example, relapsing-remitting MS (patients who haveunpredictable relapses of MS symptoms, but return to normal betweenrelapses) vs. primary progressive MS (patients who have steadilyworsening MS symptoms). The web-based system can return a set ofmatching profiles from the database of patient profiles. The patient canview the matching profiles and perform further queries. The query can beperformed by the patient's doctor, nurse, or medical assistant on behalfof the patient. The query can also be performed by a researcher or aclinician.

The patient can obtain medical outcomes based on entered medicalcondition parameters. For example, the patient can learn about atreatment for MS by selecting the treatment. The web-based system canreturn profiles of all MS patients who have taken the treatment,including dosages, frequency, common side effects, and behaviors to helpminimize symptoms of the disease. Also, the patient can obtainpredictions of how his disease may progress over the next few years,based, in part, on patients in the community with more advanced forms ofthe disease. For example, an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patientcan select an ALS treatment, for example, riluzole. The system canreturn matching profiles of patients who have taken riluzole and theirsurvival rates. For example, the system may indicate that patients withbulbar-onset of ALS (a form of ALS which first affects the brain stem)who have taken at least 100 mg of riluzole daily lived an average of afew months longer than those who did not take riluzole. Also, thepatient may learn that patients with bulbar-onset ALS often suffer fromexcessive yawning. The patient can thus better assess and manage hisdisease by comparing himself to other patients in the ALS community.

A web-based data-processing system 100 shown in FIG. 1 can be used toimplement a method for practicing the invention. Web-baseddata-processing systems are well known in the art and can include aclient computer 102 and a server computer 104. The client and servercomputers can be coupled to each other over the Internet 106.Alternatively, the client and server computers can be coupled to eachother over an intranet, for example, behind a firewall of a privatecorporate network. The private corporate network can be the network fora private hospital.

Referring to FIG. 1, the client computer can include a client softwareprogram 108 for executing software applications. The client softwareprogram 108 can be an Internet browser such as INTERNET EXPLORER®,available from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash., FIREFOX®,available from the Mozilla Foundation of Mountain View, Calif., orOPERA®, available from Opera Software AS of Oslo, Norway. The Internetbrowser can display content encoded in a variety of standards such asHyper Text Markup Language (HTML), and FLASH®, AIR®, and ACROBAT®platforms available from Adobe Systems of San Jose, Calif. Userinterfaces can include standard web input elements such as text boxesand toggle buttons for entering text and selecting options. The clientcomputer can include input devices, such as a mouse, keyboard, or touchscreen for entering information into the user interface.

The client computer need not be a personal computer per se, but ratherencompasses devices such as handheld devices, personal digitalassistants, and cellular phones. Mobile devices advantageously allow formore frequent data collection as well as well as reminders for patientsto engage in an interventions such as consumption of medication.Suitable mobile device can be specifically constructed for the methodsdescribed herein or can be existing mobile devices such a smart phonesavailable under the BLACKBERRY® trademark from Research in MotionLimited of Waterloo, Ontario, the PALM® trademark from Palm, Inc. ofSunnyvale, Calif., and the IPHONE™ trademark from Apple, Inc. ofCupertino, Calif.

The user interface can also be a text-based interface. For example, theserver can send a text message or an email to a cellular phone or asmart phone asking how the patient is feeling. The patient can respondwith an appropriate answer.

Likewise, the user interface can be an audio interface in which theserver periodically places a telephone call to the patient asking howthe patient is feeling. The patient can respond verbally, which will bethen processed according to known voice recognition software.

The server computer can include a server software program 110 includinga web server, for example, Apache Server, and an application server, forexample, Cold Fusion Application Server. The server computer can includea database server or engine for encoding and storing data such aspatient profiles. Suitable database software includes include DB2® andINFORMIX®, both available from IBM Corp. of Armonk, N.Y.; MICROSOFT JET®and MICROSOFT SQL SERVER® both available from the Microsoft Corp. ofRedmond, Wash.; MYSQL® available from the MySQL Ltd. Co. of Stockholm,Sweden; ORACLE® Database, available from Oracle Int'l Corp of RedwoodCity, Calif.; and SYBASE® available from Sybase, Inc. of Dublin, Calif.

The patient profiles can include entries for the personalized data ofpatients, including, for example, name, age, gender, disease,symptomology, medical condition measurements, diagnoses, treatments,therapies, life style factors, environmental factors, family history,and genetics.

The client software program 108 can be used to display a user interface112 to enter query parameters including demographic data and medicalcondition parameters. The query can be submitted to the server softwareprogram 120 and the server software program can receive the query 122.The server software program can analyze the data, for example, usingfunction calls executing on a microprocessor. The server softwareprogram can generate a query result comprising a set of patient profilesmatching the entered query criteria. The server can create an image todisplay the query result as a correlation of the entered medicalcondition parameters with a medical outcome. The server can send theimage back to the client program 150, which can receive 152 and displaythe image in a web browser 154. Alternatively, the server can pass thequery result as a set of data values, which the client software programcan receive and display on the client computer. For example, the clientsoftware program can include a custom software plug-in to receive andprocess the data values, create a display of the correlation, and enablethe user to interact with the display.

Medical Condition Parameters

Medical condition parameters are personalized data related to a person'smedical condition, body function, health, and well-being. Medicalcondition parameters can be a disease symptom, such as dysphagia(impaired swallowing) related to a patient diagnosed with ALS, atreatment, such as riluzole for ALS, a treatment reason, such as “toslow the progression of my ALS”, treatment dosage, such as 1000 mg perday, a diagnosis, such as the date the disease was diagnosed, a diseasetype, such as bulbar-onset ALS (ALS beginning in the brain stem), astage of disease, such as early, mid, or advanced ALS, nutritional data,such as caloric intake of a patient, environmental information, such asexposure to second-hand smoke, activity information, such as dailyexercise routines or naps, geographic information, such as an address ortown of residence, genotypic data, such as data related to a genetictrait of a patient, or phenotypic data, such as data related to theouter appearance of a patient. Medical condition parameters can alsoinclude family history data, for example, history of cancer or othermedical problems in the family, or a milestone related to a disease,such as the need for ventilation machines or other equipment to copewith the disease. For example, an ALS patient may require a wheelchairdue to loss of leg mobility.

Medical Outcome

A medical outcome is information resulting from the analysis ofpersonalized data, which may include analysis of demographic data andmedical condition measurements. Analysis of the data can includeproducing a set of patient profiles which match entered query criteria.The patient profiles can be stored in a database of patient profiles ofa community of patients. A medical outcome can include an averaging ofpersonalized data, for example, an averaging of experienced treatmentside-effects for a group of ALS patients. A medical outcome can includea prediction of a patient's future medical condition. A medical outcomecan include information relevant to entered medical condition parametersand demographic data. For example, the medical outcome can be a summaryof the development of a disease based on the entered disease type. Themedical outcome can include survival data. For example, the medicaloutcome can include relevant data that ALS patients who took riluzolelived an average of 3.5 months longer than ALS patients who did not takeriluzole. The medical outcome can include an aggregation of datacombined from several data measurements, for example, ALS patients inthe community of patients can be aggregated by ALS severity over time toproduce a graph of statistical variances of the progression of thedisease.

Medical outcomes can include survival, disease symptom, treatment,treatment reason, treatment dosage, diagnosis, stage of disease,nutritional information, environmental information, activityinformation, geographic information, genotypic data, phenotypic data,family history data, or a milestone related to a medical condition.

Community of Patients

A community of patients can include users with restricted access to theweb-based system who have provided one or more personalized data entriesstored on the system and related to demographic and medical conditiondata. Users can assess, track, and manage their medical condition usingthe web-based system. For example, users can query a database of patientprofiles of the community of users to find users or patients like them.The community of patients is comprised of other users of the web-basedsystem who have also entered personalized data for their respectivemedical condition. A user may better understand his own medicalcondition by comparing himself to others in the community of patientsusing the query capability and through other means, such as email andtext messaging. A user can communicate with other users and plantreatments and daily activities to help manage his disease. A user canlearn about the progression of his disease by viewing patient data fromothers on the system with more advanced forms of his disease and byviewing medical outcome data correlated with entered query criteria.

As shown in FIG. 2, the invention can be directed to a method includingthe steps of providing a database of patient profiles 200, providing auser interface for inputting a query of the database from a user 202,generating a query result including one or more matching patientprofiles from the database 204, and displaying the query result as acorrelation medical condition parameters with a medical outcome 206.

Providing Patient Profiles

Referring to FIG. 3, the invention can provide a database of patientprofiles 300 of a community of patients, including patient profiles fora user 302 and patient profiles of other users in the community 304. Apatient profile can be a database table 305 in a relational database,such as SQL or Oracle, wherein the database table is stored in a memory.For example, demographic data 306 for a user can be stored in a separatedatabase table 305, including the user's name, for example, “JS”, age,for example, “41”, and gender, for example, “male”. Each patient in thecommunity of patients can have a unique patient identifier forcross-referencing database tables 309 storing personalized data for thepatient. For example, a user can have the unique patient identifier,“001” (308). The database table 305 can also store medical conditioninformation related to a patient's medical condition 310. For example,the database table 305 can include the name of the patient's medicalcondition, for example, ALS, the number years the patient has had thecondition, for example, 1 year, a rating for the severity of thepatient's ALS, for example, 47/50, and other patient information, suchas the type of ALS, for example, bulbar-onset ALS.

Different database tables 309 can represent various aspects of a user'smedical condition. For example, database tables 320 can store apatient's medical condition measurements for dysphagia (impairedswallowing) related to ALS. The database tables can store measuredvalues taken at certain times of the day. For example, the measuredvalues for dysphagia could be, “Low”, indicating minimal impairedswallowing, “Moderate”, indicating moderate impaired swallowing, and“High”, indicating severe impaired swallowing. Each database table canstore a separate measurement for the patient's dysphagia, for example,“Moderate” 322, at a particular time, for example, Apr. 11, 2007 at 2:00PM (324). The database tables can include the unique patient identifier(326) to cross-reference all tables for a patient. The database tablescan also store treatment regimens. For example, database tables 330 canstore the patient's treatments for drug riluzole (sold as RILUTEK® byAventis Pharma SA of Antony, France). The database tables can includethe name of the treatment 332, the dosage and frequency 334, and thetime of day the treatment was administered to the patient 336. Also, thedatabase tables can store side-effects of the treatment. For example,database tables 340 can store patient-experienced side-effects ofriluzole, including dizziness. The database tables can include the nameof the side-effect 342, the value, for example, “High” 344, and the timeof day the side-effect was experienced, for example, Dec. 20, 2006 at10:00 AM (346).

The database of patient profiles can include similar database tables 350for other patients in the community of patients. For example, a patientwith unique patient identifier “002” (352) can have a database table 353for storing his demographic and medical condition information 354,including name, age, gender, medical condition, number of years with thecondition, a rating of the severity of the medical condition, and thetype of the medical condition. Much of the patient's data can match thedata for other patients. For example, the user and patient 002 have ALSand bulbar-onset type ALS. Also, the user and patient 002 havedysphagia, take riluzole, and experience dizziness. The database caninclude tables 350 for storing patient 002's measured symptoms,including dysphagia 352 and excessive yawning 354, treatments, includingriluzole 356, and treatment side-effects, including dizziness 358.

The database can include database tables for storing demographic andmedical information for other patients in the community of patients 360.These users can also have ALS and share many of the symptoms,treatments, and side-effects with the user.

Alternatively, the patient profiles can be stored in structured datafiles.

Providing Query Input User Interface

The invention can provide a user interface similar to that shown in FIG.4 for entering a query from a query user. The user interface 112 can beformatted in a web-based hypertext markup language (HTML) file providinginput elements for entering information in a web page displayed in anInternet browser. The HTML file can be stored on the server computer 104and transmitted via the Internet 106 to the client computer 102, whereit is loaded and displayed in the web page. A query user can enterpersonalized data, medical condition parameters, and output options toquery a database of patient profiles for a community of patients 300, asdescribed above.

A query user can be a patient diagnosed with a disease, for example,ALS. A query user can also be the doctor, nurse, or medical assistant ofthe patient. A query user can also be a researcher or clinician.

The user interface can include a selection box for selecting a medicalcondition for the query 402. For example, the query user can be apatient diagnosed with ALS and can select ALS in the selection box tofind other ALS patients in the community of patients. The user interfacecan include a text box for entering an age range and a selection box forchoosing a gender to find other ALS patients matching the values. Forexample, the query user can select males 406 within the age range of35-45 years of age 404. The query user can select the number of yearsALS patients have had the disease, for example, “2+” years 408. Thequery user can select a symptom of ALS, for example, dysphagia 410 tofind ALS patients who have experienced dysphagia and entered dataregarding this symptom.

The query user can select other options to query the database of patientprofiles. For example, the query user can choose to show predictions 412for the advancement of his ALS. The predictions can show a range ofstatistical variances for the advancement of the patient's ALS (see FIG.8). The prediction can be based on aggregated data for other ALSpatients in the community of patients.

The query user can select treatment options, including the treatmentname, for example, “Riluzole” 414 (a common ALS treatment), treatmentdosage 416, and treatment side-effects, for example, “Dizziness” 418.The query user can submit the query by activating the submit button 420.

The user interface is not limited to the embodiment described above.Other embodiments of the user interface can include a textual interface,for example, a user prompt for entering commands and command options, avoice-activated interface, or a touch-screen interface. The userinterface can include user interfaces designed to accommodate patientswith limited mobility.

Generating Matching Patient Profiles and Displaying Results

As shown in FIG. 5, the invention can generate a query result 500 byanalyzing a query entered by a user 502. The query result 500 caninclude a matching set of patient profiles 506 from the database ofpatient profiles for the community of patients. For example, for thequery entered above, the matching patient profiles would include malepatients with ALS between the ages of 35-45 who have had ALS for atleast 2 years. Furthermore, the matching patient profiles would includepatients who have experienced dysphagia, have taken riluzole, and haveexperienced dizziness as a side-effect of taking riluzole. The queryresult 504 may also include patient profiles for generating othermedical outcomes related to the entered query criteria.

The query result can be displayed as a correlation of the enteredmedical condition parameters with a medical outcome. As shown in FIG. 6,the display 600 can include a rich variety of information to correlatethe entered medical condition parameters and medical outcomes. Thedisplay can include aggregate data describing data combined from severalmeasurements. For example, the query result can be displayed as a bargraph 601 aggregating ALS patients who have taken riluzole and theirdaily dosages. For example, the bar graph can show that 12 ALS patientshave taken 100 mg riluzole per day 602, 21 ALS patients have taken 200mg of riluzole per day 604, 8 ALS patients have taken 500 mg of riluzoleper day 606, and 6 ALS patients have taken 1000 mg of riluzole per day608. Furthermore, medical condition parameters, treatments and treatmentdosages can be correlated with medical outcomes, such as treatmentside-effects. For example, ALS patients who have taken 100 mg ofriluzole per day have experienced on average a low degree of dizzinessas a side-effect of riluzole 610. In contrast, ALS patients who havetaken 1000 mg of riluzole per day have experienced on average a highdegree of dizziness as a side-effect of riluzole 612.

The display of the query result can also include other relevant medicaloutcomes correlated to the entered query. For example, the display canshow that 31 of ALS patients who have taken riluzole report that anearly afternoon nap helps minimize dizziness and nausea caused byriluzole 614. The display can include important information related tothe patient's ALS, namely, bulbar-onset ALS. For example, the displaycan show that the patient should be prepared for excessive yawning 616,a symptom common to ALS patients with bulbar-onset ALS. The display caninclude survival outcome data for ALS patients who have taken riluzole.For example, the display can show that riluzole extends ALS patientsurvival by 3.5 months, and that the daily dosage did not affect thesurvival outcome 618.

Generating the query results can further include a query engine that isadaptive to user behavior such that the query results can bepersonalized to each query user. For example, the query engine cancollect, store, and analyze a query user's history of queries. Thehistory of queries may be saved in a query log file. The query enginecan also track how a query user has reacted to prior query results.Based on this information, the query engine can tailor individualqueries, for example, by adding query parameters, restricting orlocking-in certain parameters, etc., before the query is processed. Thequery engine can also create and leverage user profiles and patterns ofsimilar users to further tailor queries. The query user can rank theappropriateness or usefulness of each piece of returned information,which can be used to further tailor query results.

Medical Predictions and Aggregating Results

The display of the query result can include medical outcome predictions800, as shown in FIG. 8. For example, a survey of questions can be usedto assess and rate the severity of a patient's ALS. The survey ofquestions can be questions related to the mobility of the patient'sappendages and other mobility factors, such as swallowing and breathing.As shown on FIG. 8, the patient's answers can be combined to derive aFunctional Rating Scale (FRS) score displayed on the vertical axis ofthe graph 802. The FRS score can be a number between 50 and 0. A FRSscore of 50 can represent normal mobility, and a FRS score of 0 canrepresent complete paralysis or death caused by ALS. The patient's FRSscore can be displayed at plurality of score dates, for example, at thetime of diagnosis in April of 2006 (804), and at a current date, forexample, April 2007 (806). A line can show the predicted progression ofthe query user's ALS, showing future predictions of what the FRS scorecould be at future dates, for example, at April 2008 (808).

The medical prediction can include aggregated FRS score data for ALSpatients in the community of patients matching the query criteria, forexample, males between the ages of 35 and 45 with bulbar-onset ALS. Theprediction can show statistical variances of the FRS scores, includingthe 100^(th)-75^(th) percentiles 810, 75^(th)-50^(th) percentiles 812,50^(th)-25^(th) percentiles 814, and 0^(th)-25^(th) percentiles 816. Theprediction can include future predictions of what the percentiles couldbe at future dates.

Graphical Element

The display of the query result can include a graphical elementrepresenting a plurality of personalized data related to disease,disease symptoms, disease stage, disease status, body function metrics,or life-changing illness. The graphical element includes arepresentation of an animal body having at least one animal body part.For example, the graphical element can be a stickman figure representinga plurality of human body parts 700, as shown in FIG. 7A. The stickmanfigure can represent a patient's ALS and its effect on various parts ofthe patient's body. The stickman can be generated from the query resultof matching patient profiles. In one embodiment, the display of thequery result includes a stickman figure generated for each matchingpatient profile.

The animal body parts can include one or more display characteristic,such as a color or a pattern. The color can denote the effect of amedical condition on a body part. For example, green can denote mildonset of symptoms, yellow can denote moderate onset of symptoms, and redcan denote severe onset of symptoms. For example, the stickman figure'sleft arm 702 and legs 722 can be colored red to denote loss of left armand leg control. In another example shown in FIG. 7B, the body part canbe a circular figure representing the head of patient diagnosed withclinical depression, the head drawn blue to denote extreme depression.

The graphical element can include a representation of a patient'smedical condition status. For example, a cancer patient in remission canbe represented by an “R” displayed next to the stickman figure. Amedical condition status can be a flare-up of the patient's medicalcondition. For example, as shown in FIG. 7B, a patient diagnosed withBipolar Disorder, a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in aperson's mood, energy, and ability to function, can have a flare-up ofextreme irritability represented by flames 704 drawn on top of acircular FIG. 706 representing the patient's head. Alternatively, anemergency situation, such as a broken bone due to a fall can bedisplayed using an alarm bell icon 724.

The graphical element can include textual information 708 related to apatient's medical condition. For example, the textual information caninclude the name of the patient's disease, for example, “ALS”, acharacteristic of the disease, for example, “Bulbar” (bulbar-onset ALSinitially affects a certain area in the brain stem), and the number ofyears the patient has had ALS, for example, “2 yrs.”

Disease progression can be divided into milestones. For example, in theearly stages of ALS, patients may require a wheelchair after losingmobility in their arms and legs. As the disease advances, patients maylose other voluntary functions, for example, the ability to swallow.Advanced ALS patients may lose the ability to breath on their own, andrequire special breathing assistance devices, including intermittentpositive pressure ventilation (IPPV) or bilevel positive airway pressure(BIPAP) devices. The graphical element can include a representation ofat least one milestone related to the patient's medical condition. Forexample, a wheelchair icon 710 can be used to denote the loss ofmobility the patient's legs. A breathing apparatus icon 712 can be addedto the graphical element to denote a IPPV or a BIPAP device.

In another example, the milestone can be a session of a cancer patient'schemotherapy, represented by a number denoting the session, for example,“1^(st)”, “2^(nd)”, or “3^(rd)”. Similarly, the milestone can berepresented by one or more stars 714. The stars can have a color. In afurther example, the milestone can be a number 716 representing a levelon the aforementioned Functional Ratings Scale (FRS) for tracking ALSsymptoms. The number can represent a Forced Vital Capacity score formeasuring an ALS patient's lung strength.

Ranking Matching Profiles

The matching profiles can be ranked, for example, by favorable outcome.For example, query criteria can include treatment, treatment dosage, andside-effect to determine whether dosage has an effect on theside-effect. For example, riluzole taken at 1000 mg per dosage can causepatients to experience more dizziness than riluzole taken at 500 mg perday dosage. The ranked profiles can be sorted based on medical outcome.

Users

As shown in FIG. 9, the invention can be directed toward a method forquerying a database of patient profiles for a community of patients 900,the query including medical condition parameters of a user, and viewinga query result of matching patient profiles from the database 902. Thequery result can correlate a medical condition parameter with a medicaloutcome, as described above and shown in FIGS. 6, 7A, 7B, and 8.

The method can be practiced by a query user. The query user can be apatient diagnosed with a disease, for example, ALS. The query user canalso be a doctor or a nurse of a patient diagnosed with a disease. Thequery user can also be a clinician or a researcher who enters a query tomine the database of patient profiles for relevant disease information.For example, the researcher can enter a query to find ALS patientsexperiencing excessive yawning. The researcher can view the query resultand determine that many of the ALS patients who reported excessiveyawning had bulbar-onset type ALS.

The query user can plan a treatment method based on the query result904. For example, based on the query result shown in FIG. 6, an ALSpatient (or his doctor or nurse) can notice that ALS patients who havetaken 1000 mg of riluzole per day generally reported a high degree ofdizziness 612. He may also notice that all patients taking riluzolelived in average of 3.5 more months than patients who did not takeriluzole, regardless of the dosage frequency 618. Based on this queryresult, the ALS patient can plan to take 100 mg or 200 mg of riluzoleper day as opposed to 1000 mg of riluzole per day to minimizeside-effects 610. Alternatively, the patient's doctor, nurse, or medicalassistant may recommend the plan to the patient.

The query user can plan a daily activities based on a query result 906.For example, the ALS patient may notice that 31 ALS patients reported(and perhaps recommended) that taking an early afternoon nap minimizeddizziness and nausea experienced from taking riluzole 614. Thus, the ALSpatient may plan to take a nap in the early afternoon to help mitigatethe side-effects of the riluzole.

Adding Medical Condition Parameters

Users can add medical condition parameters to track with the system. Forexample, a patient diagnosed with ALS may experience excessive,uncontrollable yawning, a symptom of ALS not yet recorded and stored inthe database. The user can add the symptom and begin recordingmeasurements of the symptom. Other users in the community of patientsmay follow suit and record their own measurements of excessive yawning.In this way, patients can benefit from new, flexible ways of recordingand tracking their disease and share information about their diseasethroughout the community.

Data Structure

In one aspect, the invention can be directed toward a computer-readablememory device for encoding a data structure. As shown in FIG. 3, thedata structure can include personalized data, including demographic andmedical condition data, for a community of users. For example, theperson's name, age, gender, age, and a medical condition of the person,such as ALS. The person can have a unique identifier stored in the datastructure.

The data structure can be used to transfer stored data values from amemory located on a server computer to a client computer to executefunctions of a client software program. Alternatively, the clientsoftware computer can transfer entered values, such as medical conditionmeasurements, to the server computer. The server computer can store theentered values in the data structure. The computer-readable memorydevice can be physically shipped with a software program.

Additional User Interface Embodiments

Referring now to FIG. 10, another exemplary user interface 1000 isprovided. Although user interface 1000 is customized for a patientsuffering from Parkinson's disease, the principles explained anddepicted herein are equally applicable to any disease.

User interface 1000 includes a medical condition metric portion 1002,which allows the patient to input a medical condition metric (in thisexample, the patient's functional ability). The user can place multipledata points 1004 in the medical condition metric chart, which includes atime scale. Data points 1004 can be adjusted with respect to time and/ormagnitude. For example, if the patient is indicating how she feels nowor at a designated time, the patient can be limited to moving data point1004 up or down. Alternatively, the patient can input data for a time bydragging the data point to the left or right. The patient can berestricted in some embodiments from setting a data point in the future.

User interface 1000 also includes an intervention portion 1008.Intervention portion 1008 allows the patient to record one or moreinterventions such as administration of a medication, administration ofa remedy, administration of a nutritional supplement, administration ofa vitamin, exercise, physical therapy, massage, stretching, consumptionof food, rest, and sleep. For example, the patient can designate whenmeals are eaten by adjusting bars 1010 a, 1010 b, 1010 c to indicate thebeginning and ending of the meal. Likewise, the patient can indicatewhen one or more drugs 1014 a-1014 e are administered by placing markers1012 (which may depict pills) on a time scale.

Various types of remedies can be scheduled for specific times. Forexample, the patient can be prescribed to take madopar at 6 A.M. In thissituation, user interface 1000 can display a medication schedule. Thepatient can modify this schedule to reflect the actually administrationby dragging marker 1012 a. Likewise, the patient can indicate that thedrug was consumed by clicking on the marker 1012 a. Clicking on themarker can change the appearance of the marker 1012 a (e.g., its color)and thus can be used by patients, particularly patients with memoryproblems, to more faithfully follow a medication program.

User interface 1000 can also include pharmacokinetic data, such apharmacokinetic curve 1016 that depicts the concentration of amedication within the patient over time. Multiple pharmacokinetic curves1016 can be depicted in various colors or patterns to reflect varyingpharmacokinetic properties of various medications.

Patient-Initiated Clinical Trials

The invention enables a community of patients to initiate clinicaltrials that can be conducted at a lower cost, while still reaching morepatients. As discussed herein, patients can input information regardingtheir diseases, symptoms, and remedies through a graphical userinterfaces. This data forms a baseline data set for comparison with dataduring a clinical trial.

A clinical trial can be initiated by one or more patients, a researcher,an administrator, or other person or organization. The clinical trialcan test the efficacy of any intervention such a medication. If theintervention is a prescription medication, patients in the community mayneed to obtain the medical from their doctor, e.g., through an off-labelprescription. Other interventions can be tested without the legalrequirement of a physician.

As patients begin the intervention, data about the intervention isentered into the graphical user interface and is recorded in the system.This data can be viewed by other patients and easily aggregated asdepicted in FIG. 11. The data can be compared with pre-intervention dataand data for patients that are not employing the intervention todetermine the efficacy of the intervention in accordance with knownstatistical tools and methods.

Intervention Change Analysis

Pharmaceuticals and other interventions interact with various patientsin different ways. A first patient may tolerate an intervention withlittle or no side effects, while another patient may experience severeside effects that impact the patients health and/or quality of life.Moreover, side effects currently cannot be predicted with a degree ofspecificity or particularity so that a patient can choose a remedy thatwill produce minimal side effects. Accordingly, patients frequently tryseveral interventions before finding an intervention with an acceptablelevel of side effects.

In addition to side effects, patients may be unsatisfied with the effectof an intervention. This is particularly true with antidepressants,where a common practice involves switching antidepressants in thedesired response is not achieved within six to eight weeks.

The invention enables patients to shorten the process of choosing asuitable intervention by harnessing the experiences of other patients.As discussed herein, patients input a variety of information aboutvarious interventions. This intervention information can includeinformation about an intervention including a name (trademark orgeneric), a dosage, a frequency, a duration, a patient rating, sideeffects, and the like.

This information can be stored in a database for later processing. Theinformation can be analyzed for changes. For example, a depressiveindividual may first be prescribed PROZAC® (fluoxetine hydrochloride).After six weeks, the patient may cease taking PROZAC®, and begin takingWELLBUTRIN® (buproprion). The patient again switch medications and begintaking PAXIL® (paroxetine). The patient may experience the desiredeffect and continue taking PAXIL® for an extended period of time. Thepatient may also give high ratings to PAXIL® to reflect his satisfactionwith the medication.

This information is stored in a database, e.g., in a state model. Thedata can then be mined for relationships between medications. Forexample, as depicted in FIG. 12, a patient can that is dissatisfied withPROZAC® can request information about other antidepressants taken byother patients in the community. The patient can select PROZAC® using aGUI widget, e.g., drop-down list 1202. One or more graphical elements1204, 1206, 1208 display population information about antidepressants.For example, graphical element 1204 displays the most recent SSRI(selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) taken by a group of patients.The patient can see that 31% of patients who took PROZAC® at one pointin their treatment are now taking LEXAPRO® (escitalopram). This allowsthe patient to skip the intervening drugs that many patients haveunsuccessfully tried. Likewise, the patient can view the SSRI taken forthe longest duration by group of patients (1206) or the highest ratedSSRI (1208).

These feature are particularly powerful when combined with the filteringability described herein. By using the filter feature, a patient canview what SSRI most Caucasian patients who initially took PROZAC®eventually settled on. This filtering can be further refined, e.g., byfiltering by genotype. Additionally, the invention can utilize sideeffects to filter data. For example, a patient that experiences erectiledysfunction while taking an antidepressant can view subsequentantidepressants taken by other patients that experienced erectiledysfunction while taking the same antidepressant.

Community Searching

Referring to FIG. 13, an exemplary user interface 1300 is provided forviewing and refining a prediction of disease progression. An icon 1302represents the patient controlling the system. The icon 1302 includesseveral color-coded boxes 1304, which represent the status of variousbody systems or regions (e.g., the legs, the spine, and the eyes).

The user interface 1300 also includes a population chooser interface1306 for refining the prediction by expanding or contracting thepopulation on which the prediction is made. For example, a patient caninitially view a prediction based on all patients within a community(e.g. all patients with ALS). The patient can then alter one or moreparameters such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, genotype, etc. Thepredictions can be updated in real time as the population is altered. Inthe depicted example, the user can alter the population by sliding oneor more sliders 1308 to adjust the relative importance a factor such asprofile (e.g., age, gender, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status),genome, disease, function (e.g., as assessed by the ALSFRS-R scale),interventions (e.g., medications consumed), and symptoms (e.g.,dysphagia).

The user interface 1300 can display icons 1310 a-1310 f for one or morepatients that are similar to the patient. Icons 1310 can be updated asthe patient alters the population using population chooser interface1306. The patient can “drill down” to view specific details and profilesof one or more patients, for example, by clicking on one of the icons1310.

The user interface 1300 can also include one or more charts 1212, 1314depicting predictions of the progression of the patient's disease. Chart1312 depicts the probability of the patient either (i) recovering fromthe disease, (ii) living with the disease, or (iii) dying over atwenty-five year period. Chart 314 predicts the probability of thepatient requiring assistive devices such as a feeding tube, awheelchair, or a ventilator over the next twenty-five years.

The user interface can include a graphical element (not shown) thatdepicts the reliability of the prediction. For example, the graphicalelement can be modelled after traffic light. A red light can indicatethat the prediction lacks a certain level of statistical significance. Ayellow light can indicate that the prediction has an intermediate levelof statistical significance. A green light can indicate that theprediction has an acceptable level of statistical significance.

The invention can also compute the effect of various stochastic andprobabilistic events. For example, the invention can display twodifferent predictions. The first prediction displays the progression ofthe patient's disease if the patient develops pneumonia; the secondprediction displays the progression of the patient's disease if thepatient does not develop pneumonia. The invention can also displayadvice on preventing pneumonia.

The invention can also incorporate the probability of such events intothe predictive model. This can be accomplished, e.g., through the use ofswarm or multiple agent simulation based on known state transitionprobabilities, as expressed in Markov chains. Sample measurements canthen be taken at arbitrary points in time to determine probabilities ofoutcomes based on certain criteria. Such criteria can be controllable(e.g., receiving a certain intervention) or uncontrollable (e.g.,developing pneumonia).

Additionally, the invention can simulate the effect of earlier actionsthat were either taken or not taken. For example, a patient can displaythe predicted disease progression for colon cancer if the cancer wasdetected two years earlier. Such a simulation can have a powerful effecton the patient's friends and family.

Application to Depression

Some modern theories of depression posit that depression results fromcognitive distortions. While all individuals become sad or upset at somepoints in time, most individuals have the perspective to recognize thatsuch feeling are short-lived. However, individuals with a majordepressive disorder are thought by some to lack the ability to recognizerecall a time before they entered a depressive episode, and thereforecannot anticipate better times in the future.

The invention described herein are capable of helping persons dealingwith depression. Depressed persons can enter their mood or other medicalcondition metrics into the systems described herein and retrievegraphical representations of these metrics over time. Such a systemprovides external memory and perspective for the patient.

Furthermore, the inventions described herein can be used by generallyhealthy individuals in advance of disease. For example, militarypersonnel can record medical condition metrics before deployment to anarmed conflict. Such prior medical condition metrics can serve both as areference point for the military personnel when coping with conditionssuch a post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to military healthpersonnel seeking to screen for PTSD.

The functions of several elements can, in alternative embodiments, becarried out by fewer elements, or a single element. Similarly, anyfunctional element can perform fewer, or different, operations thanthose described with respect to the illustrated embodiment. Also,functional elements (e.g., modules, databases, computers, clients,servers, and the like) shown as distinct for purposes of illustrationcan be incorporated within other functional elements, separated indifferent hardware or distributed in a particular implementation.

While certain embodiments according to the invention have beendescribed, the invention is not limited to just the describedembodiments. Various changes and/or modifications can be made to any ofthe described embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope ofthe invention. Also, various combinations of elements, steps, features,and/or aspects of the described embodiments are possible andcontemplated even if such combinations are not expressly identifiedherein

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

All patents, published patent applications, and other referencesdisclosed herein are hereby expressly incorporated by reference in theirentireties by reference.

Equivalents

Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain usingno more than routine experimentation, many equivalents of the specificembodiments of the invention described herein. Specifically, althoughthis application periodically discusses the application of the inventionto “diseases”, the invention is equally applicable to other medicalevents such as aging, fertility, and the like. Such equivalents areintended to be encompassed by the following claims.

1. A method of studying the efficacy of an intervention, the methodcomprising: providing a graphical user interface allowing one or morepatients to input information regarding their diseases, symptoms, andremedies; collecting information from a plurality of patients beforeeach of the patients employs a remedy to treat a disease; collectinginformation about the remedy; collecting information from the pluralityof patients after a subset of the patients employs a remedy to treat thedisease; and determining the efficacy of the remedy in treating thedisease.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: comparing theefficacy of the remedy with data from one or more control patients. 3.The method of claim 1, wherein determining the efficacy of the remedyincludes comparing the pre-remedy information with post-remedyinformation.
 4. A method of identification of a possible personalizedintervention for a patient experiencing at least one complication ordissatisfaction with outcomes from a present intervention comprising:providing a database containing patient information for a plurality ofpatients including one or more attributes for each patient in thedatabase; providing a graphical user interface displaying allowing apatient to formulate a request specifying one or more attributes of thepatient including: one or more diseases affecting the patient; one ormore interventions employed by patient; and one or more side effectsexperienced by the patient; searching the database of patientinformation for patients having the specified one or more attributesincluding at least one of the specified side effects; and returning oneor more alternative interventions that were employed by other patientsthat experienced the one or more specified side effects when employingthe one or more interventions.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the oneor more attributes includes at least one selected from the groupconsisting of: age, race, ethnicity, gender, height, weight, body massindex (BMI), body volume index (BVI), genotype, phenotype, disease,disease severity, disease progression rate, measures of functionalability, quality of life, interventions, and remedies.
 6. The method ofclaim 4, wherein the disease includes at least one selected from thegroup consisting of: neurological diseases, Amytrophric LateralSclerosis (ALS), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's Disease, HumanImmunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS), depression, mood disorders, cancer blood cancer, fibromyalgia,epilepsy, post traumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury,cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease, arthritis, allergies, autoimmune diseases, and lupus.
 7. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the alternative interventions are the mostrecent interventions employed by the other patients.
 8. A method forproviding personalized medical information comprising: providing adatabase containing patient information for a plurality of patientsincluding one or more attributes for each patient in the database;providing a graphical user interface displaying one or more attributesof a patient, the graphical user interface allowing the patient toformulate a search request specifying at least one of the attributes;searching the database of patient information for patients having thespecified one or more attributes; and returning data to the patientidentifying a set of other patients having the specified one or moreattributes.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the one or more attributesincludes at least one selected from the group consisting of: age, race,ethnicity, gender, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), body volumeindex (BVI), genotype, phenotype, disease, disease severity, diseaseprogression rate, measures of functional ability, quality of life,interventions, and remedies.
 10. The method of claim 9 where thedatabase includes correlation between an attribute and at least onesecondary attribute selected from the group consisting of: quality oflife, functional ability, pain, and treatment intensity.
 11. The methodof claim 9, wherein the disease includes at least one selected from thegroup consisting of: neurological diseases, Amytrophric LateralSclerosis (ALS), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's Disease, HumanImmunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS), depression, mood disorders, cancer blood cancer, fibromyalgia,epilepsy, post traumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury,cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease, arthritis, allergies, autoimmune diseases, and lupus.
 12. Themethod of claim 8, wherein the data returned includes individual datafor one or more members of the set of other patients.
 13. The method ofclaim 8, wherein the data returned includes aggregate data for one ormore members of the set of other patients.
 14. The method of claim 13,further comprising: processing a request from the patient to viewindividual data.
 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:processing a request from the patient to modify a composition of the setof other patients.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the compositionof the set of other patients is defined by fuzzy logic.
 17. The methodof claim 15, wherein modifying the composition of the set of otherpatients includes modifying the range of attributes of patients withinthe set.
 18. The method of claim 15, wherein modifying the compositionof the set of other patients includes modifying the importance ofattributes of patients in composing the set.
 19. The method of claim 15,wherein the composition of the set of other patients is defined by anoptimal matching algorithm on a graph of attribute similarity metrics.20. The method of claim 15, wherein the composition of the set of otherpatients is defined by a scalar-vector decomposition on a matrix ofsimilarities of attributes of the set of other patients.
 21. The methodof claim 1, further comprising: conducting a multivariate patternmatching search of data related to the other patients.
 22. Acomputer-readable medium whose contents cause a computer to perform amethod for providing personalized medical information comprising:providing a database containing patient information for a plurality ofpatients including one or more attributes for each patient in thedatabase; providing a graphical user interface displaying one or moreattributes of a patient, the graphical user interface allowing thepatient to formulate a search request specifying at least one of theattributes; searching the database of patient information for patientshaving the specified one or more attributes; and returning data to thepatient identifying a set of other patients having the specified one ormore attributes.